2- Someone to be sensetive to them to understand their needs,
A safe environment that can direct them towards positive age appropriate activites,
3- intentional guidance to distract them away from things that would lead them astray,
4- when they do get into trouble or make a mistake, to patiently explain why it was not good to do that, or could hurt them, etc. Encouragement and acceptance.
A marvelous researcher, Magda Gerber, founded RIE (RESOURCES for INFANT EDUCARERS) where she shares many wonderful helps: http://www.rie.org/educaring/ries-basic-principles.
There's no better "TODDLER WHISPERER" than CHRIS THOMPSON to teach you how to handle Your KIDS! His techniques of mastering verbal skills even works on adults!(click the pic)